Thalidomide mechanism of action

It's official: As of Aug. This is a landmark step in the fight against the novel coronavirus, and one that many people vaccine hesitant or otherwise were waiting for. FDA approval of any drug is no small matter. The process is rigorous and often lengthy — and that's by design. But it wasn't always that way. Back in the day, "drugs were not developed on target," says Katherine Donovan, a senior scientist at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts, "it was more like trial and error.

Thalidomide side effects

So what changed? Today's FDA drug approval standards, developed 60 years ago, were largely the product of a single drug and a woman who refused to give it FDA authorization. We're talking about Frances O. She developed an interest in science early in life. She earned a master's degree from McGill University in Montreal at age 20, and would go on to complete both an M.

Like many women in science at the time, Kelsey faced opposition from the overwhelmingly male scientific establishment. In fact, she suspected that her gender-neutral first name helped launch her career : The letter of acceptance for her Ph. Nevertheless, Kelsey eventually joined the University of Chicago as a full-fledged faculty member in It was there that she met and married fellow staff member Dr.

Fremont Kelsey. In , the couple moved with their two daughters to Washington, D.