Harmonizing four biography of williams syndrome

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. Williams syndrome WS is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability usually mild , a specific cognitive profile, unique personality characteristics, cardiovascular disease supravalvar aortic stenosis, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, hypertension , connective tissue abnormalities, growth deficiency, endocrine abnormalities early puberty, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hypothyroidism , and distinctive facies.

Hypotonia and hyperextensible joints can result in delayed attainment of motor milestones. Feeding difficulties often lead to poor weight gain in infancy. The diagnosis of WS is established by identification of a heterozygous 1. Treatment of manifestations: Infants with feeding issues may benefit from feeding therapy. Early intervention programs, special education programs, and vocational training address developmental disabilities; programs include speech-language, physical, occupational, feeding, and sensory integration therapies as well as hippotherapy; phonics methods are recommended to teach reading.

Anesthesia consultation and electrocardiogram is recommended prior to sedation and surgical procedures.

Williams syndrome is a congenital disorder that involves multiple system.

Orthodontic referral should be considered for malocclusion. Constipation should be aggressively managed at all ages. Range of motion exercises are recommended to prevent or ameliorate joint contractures. Early puberty may be treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Treatment of hypertension, sleep disorders, ocular manifestations, recurrent otitis media, hearing loss, dental issues, hypothyroidism, and insulin resistance does not differ from that in the general population.

Surveillance : Children younger than age two years should have serum calcium studies every four to six months.